Hagia Sophia

 

Istanbul is a secret city where Asia meets Europe.

Inside the city, there is its special place, which is Hagia Sophia, which means Wisdom.

This magnificent construction graced the city's surface for some 1,500 years.

Hagia Sophia in Istanbul

Hagia Sophia is a religious building in Istanbul, Turkey, considered one of the most important architectural sites from the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as Byzantine.

It is a very- popular building for a large dome and for having remains.

The building served as an Orthodox Christian church until 1453.

In 1453, it was transformed into a mosque when Istanbul- was added to the Ottoman Empire.

In 1935, it was finally- turned into a museum, which continues to this day.

One notable structure is the Hagia Sophia, or Church of Holy Wisdom.

Like many modern Byzantine churches, the Hagia Sophia is organized in the center, with the dome serving as its focal point.

a) Plan of the gallery (upper half; b) Plan of the ground floor (lower half).

The large interior has a complex design. The nave is covered in the middle of the dome, which at its height is about 180 feet from the ground and sits on an arcade of forty arched windows. Although the dome looked like a circle, at first sight, the refinement of its structure left a long impression, with its varying height between 101 and 103 feet.

Interior view of Hagia Sophia: - Emperor Justinian describes the creation of Hagia Sophia in 532 CE.

The- dome of Hagia Sophia has aroused the- curiosity of many artisans, designers, and engineers because of the new way that early architects imagined.

The cup is carried on four circular, three-dimensional pendentives, the first thing to be fully realized in this building.

The pendentives make the transition by rotating from the circumference to the horizontal bottom to control the end-of-the dome and allow its weight to fall to the bottom.

On the west side and the east side, there are arched openings.

The middle dome has a width of twenty-five feet.

The Imperial Gate, designed for the emperor, was the main entrance to the main church.

A long ramp from the north of the outer narthex leads to the top of the- gallery, which had a custom reserved for the queen and her family.

Characteristics

One problem with the dome for the first time was its weight and what caused it to collapse completely after the 558 earthquakes.

Later, lightweight- materials were used to renovate buildings and incorporate building materials that gave the dome a modern look and feel. Composition and Structure:

2D work on the walls and doors of Hagia Sophia shows gold with no space. The floor plan of Hagia Sophia demonstrates an asymmetrical design.

Nave and Dome

Best known for its large dome, Hagia Sophia has its central dome in a well-designed design over an evenly spaced area. The largest dome is 104.56 in diameter and 182.42 in height from the ground level. Forty windows were placed at the bottom of the wall. When sunlight moves into the dome, the dome looks like it is floating in the air. The Hagia Sophia is very much full of sunlight, and in the reflection of the sun are rays from the bras.

Pendentive

A pendentive is a section of concave triangular support. Tens of pendentives form a shape that gives- the transition from square space to round space into a crown and dome. Although it appears to be hanging from the ceiling, they control the- power of the dome and allow the weight of the ceiling to flow downwards. This structure allows the Byzantine architects to build the Hagia Sophia. It created a wonderful lamp for Hagia Sophia.

Pier

The ladder supports four structures on each side of the square, above which four climbing pendentives support the large dome with forty ribs. Pier The ladder supports four structures on each side of the square, above which four climbing pendentives support the large dome with forty ribs.

Patterns and Forms

Capital, Hagia Sophia

The picture above shows Moldings and capitals showing the- variety of craft details such as a cross, acanthus leaves.

Material
The original Hagia Sophia construction did not use concrete either Roman technology. It used red brick, white limestone, and sandstone to build Minarets.

The interior is covered with gold and mosaic. It turns into the century of Mosaic. Justinian's Hagia Sophia is still standing today. He was an intellectual thinker and pioneer in Byzantine architecture. He built the largest cathedral for 1000 years until the construction of the Seville Temple.

The church has a rectangular shape, and the main square, which is 31m (102ft) wide, is covered with a central fabric that carries four pendulums. The arcade around the dome is uninterrupted, with 40 arched windows to bring light inside. Excluding both the narthexes and the large atrium, the measurement measures 70 x 75 m (229 x 245 ft). The atrium measures 48 x 32 m (157 x 106 ft), and the total length of the building mass is 135 m (442 ft).

The outer narthex on the east side of the atrium is enclosed, and the inner narthex enters through 5 doors and from this inner narthex, there are 9 entrances to the nave.
Access to the upper rooms is provided by the area, which is a regular feature of the Constantinopolitan church plan.

Hagia Sophia Facts

• Sophia means Wisdom in the Greek Language. When we translate the full name of Hagia Sophia into English, it is the Church of the Holy God. • Hagia Sophia devoted to Logos as the second person in the Holy Trinity on December 25th.
• There were two more Churches accepted as the Church of Holy Wisdom, but only Hagia Sophia was not destroyed.
• In other words, the bells, offerings, and iconostasis were completely removed when the church was converted into a church.
• When Hagia Sophia was a church 50 miles, away the silver iconostasis adorned the interior is now on display in the museum.
• Only Patheon in Rome has a slightly bigger dome than the- dome of Hagia Sophia in the world.
• Hagia Sophia was transformed into a museum in 1935 by the first President of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.
• The Eastern Orthodox Church has looked to Hagia Sophia for a thousand years as a special place. 
• Blue Mosque and Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul were created under the inspiration of Hagia Sophia.
• Hagia Sophia as a museum with Christian and Islamic influences today.
• Hagia Sophia has 40 windows in the worshipers' quarters and is known as the most famous light show.
• When the Hagia Sophia dome was installed, the walls began to lean out due to weight. Then a support wall for the dome- was built.
• The mathematician, Scientist, and physicist created the Hagia Sophia.
• Many Christian paintings and statues were placed in the plaster when Hagia Sophia was transformed into a mosque by Sultan Mehmed II.
• Hagia Sophia is seen from miles away due to its size.
• The cornerstones, which were used by- Mehmet Conqueror, are displayed near the- entrance of Hagia Sophia.
• Hagia Sophia is one of the most important buildings in Istanbul and needs some renovation and renovation.
• Hagia Sophia is built on a rope of distortion, and earthquakes can break the structure. It should be reinforced with other functions. Some repairs in Hagia Sophia are happening today, but it certainly requires a lot of money. 

Byzantine Domes

The Romans were the first to see the potential for dome construction. Roman prosperity in the construction of the dome eventually resulted in pagans (2d cent. AD).
The Romans, however, failed to acquire the proper use of paint - an important tool for placing a dome over a level surface - which was eventually fulfilled by the Byzantine builders of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople (AD 532-37). Another response to placing the dome on the- surface was a squinch, which in the form of stalactites was to receive the best representation in Islamic architecture. Under Byzantine influence, Muslims began to use the dome; one of their first important buildings is the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. They often use the name Persian or onion dome. The most famous example is the Taj Mahal (AD 1630) in Agra, India.